What Is Sleep Bruxism?

Sleep bruxism is a sleep-related movement disorder characterized by repetitive jaw-muscle activity during sleep, typically involving grinding or clenching of the teeth. It is classified as a sleep-related movement disorder by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

Sleep bruxism is distinct from awake bruxism, which occurs during waking hours. Many people are unaware they grind their teeth during sleep until a bed partner notices the sound or a dentist identifies tooth wear or jaw symptoms.

Signs & Symptoms

• Audible teeth grinding sounds during sleep (reported by a bed partner)
• Jaw pain, soreness, or tightness upon waking
• Headaches, particularly in the temples, in the morning
• Tooth sensitivity, wear, or damage identified by a dentist
• Facial muscle discomfort or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms
• Disrupted sleep or unrefreshing sleep

Relationship to Other Sleep Disorders

Sleep bruxism can occur independently or in association with other sleep disorders. Obstructive sleep apnea is one condition that has been associated with sleep bruxism — breathing disruptions during sleep may trigger arousal-related jaw muscle activity.

When sleep bruxism is suspected alongside other sleep concerns, a sleep medicine evaluation can help identify whether an underlying sleep disorder is contributing to the problem. An overnight sleep study may be recommended in appropriate cases.

Sleep Medicine Evaluation

A sleep medicine evaluation for bruxism involves a thorough clinical history and assessment of sleep quality, daytime symptoms, and any associated sleep disorders. When obstructive sleep apnea or another sleep disorder is suspected, appropriate diagnostic testing will be recommended. Management of sleep bruxism may involve coordination with dental professionals.